Norovirus on the rise: How to protect yourself this winter

As we enter the colder months, we want to remind everyone about Norovirus, commonly known as the "winter vomiting bug". Here is some helpful information to understand what Norovirus is, how to avoid it, and what to do if you or others are affected.

This article was written by Adam Hadfield, Head of Clinical Governance at GoodShape.

Cases of the Norovirus are on the rise across the country, with numbers significantly up on the same period this time last year.

The most recent figures in the National norovirus and rotavirus report show that cases of Norovirus in England during weeks 43 to 44 of 2024 are almost double the 5-season average for the same 2-week period. This report covers the 2-week period between 21 October to 3 November 2024. 

What is Norovirus? 

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that leads to gastroenteritis, causing inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It spreads easily through contaminated food, surfaces, or direct contact with someone infected. Norovirus cases peak in the winter months, making it one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis outbreaks in colder seasons.

Symptoms of Norovirus

 Symptoms usually begin 12-48 hours after exposure and may include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Stomach cramping
• Low-grade fever
• Headache and body aches

Symptoms generally last 1-3 days but can be more prolonged in vulnerable individuals, such as young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

How to avoid Norovirus

 Prevention is key in limiting Norovirus transmission. Here are some important measures to reduce the risk:

• Hand hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially after using the restroom and before eating.
• Sanitise surfaces: Clean and disinfect frequently-touched surfaces (e.g., doorknobs, light switches) regularly, particularly after someone in the household is unwell.
• Prepare food safely: Avoid preparing food for others if you are feeling unwell or have recently experienced symptoms, and ensure all produce is washed thoroughly.
• Avoid close contact: Refrain from close interactions with infected individuals to reduce the risk of spread.

Self-care and treatment

 If you or someone you know contracts Norovirus, here are some steps to help manage the illness:

• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water or electrolyte solutions, to replace fluids lost through vomiting and diarrhoea.
• Rest: Give your body time to recover by resting as much as possible.
• Avoid dehydration triggers: Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and dairy products, which can worsen dehydration or digestive discomfort.
• Stay isolated: Norovirus remains contagious for up to two days after symptoms resolve. Stay home from work or school to avoid spreading the virus to others.